{"id":8983,"date":"2025-12-09T11:13:37","date_gmt":"2025-12-09T11:13:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aborrego.inscastellbisbal.net\/?p=8983"},"modified":"2025-12-10T10:28:12","modified_gmt":"2025-12-10T10:28:12","slug":"configuracio-del-dns-master-a-debian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aborrego.inscastellbisbal.net\/en\/2025\/12\/09\/configuracio-del-dns-master-a-debian\/","title":{"rendered":"Configuraci\u00f3 del DNS Master a Debian"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Configuraci\u00f3 del DNS Master a debian<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTornar al repte 2.2<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t
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Pas 1: Instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 de BIND9 i les utilitats<\/b><\/h3>
  • Actualitza la llista de paquets i instal\u00b7la BIND9<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    # Actualitza la llista de paquets\nsudo apt update\n\n# Instal·la el paquet BIND9 i les utilitats\nsudo apt install bind9 bind9utils -y<\/code><\/pre>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    El servei BIND9 s’iniciar\u00e0 autom\u00e0ticament despr\u00e9s de la instal\u00b7laci\u00f3, per\u00f2 encara no far\u00e0 res \u00fatil amb el teu domini.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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    Pas 2: Configuraci\u00f3 de la Zona al Fitxer Local<\/strong><\/h3>
    • Has d’indicar a BIND9 que \u00e9s el Master<\/b> (Mestre) per al teu domini. Aix\u00f2 es fa al fitxer de configuraci\u00f3 local.<\/li>
    • Edita el fitxer \/etc\/bind\/named.conf.local<\/code>:<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      sudo nano \/etc\/bind\/named.conf.local<\/code><\/pre>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      Afegim el seg\u00fcent al final del fitxer:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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      \/\/ Zona directa per illa4.local\nzone "illa4.local" {\n    type master;\n    file "\/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local";\n};\n\n\/\/ Zona inversa per la xarxa 10.4.0.0\/25 (reverse lookup per 10.4.0.x)\nzone "0.4.10.in-addr.arpa" {\n    type master;\n    file "\/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0";\n};<\/code><\/pre>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      • La zona directa gestiona noms a IPs (A records).<\/li>
      • La zona inversa gestiona IPs a noms (PTR records). Per la xarxa 10.4.0.0\/25, utilitzem “0.4.10.in-addr.arpa” (que cobreix el \/24 sencer, per\u00f2 nom\u00e9s afegirem entrades per la teva subxarxa). Si nom\u00e9s vols \/25, aix\u00f2 funciona igualment.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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        1.4 Creaci\u00f3 dels Fitxers de Zona<\/strong><\/h3>
        Fitxer de zona directa: \/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local<\/strong><\/h5>
        Copia una plantilla:<\/p>
        • Edita \/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local:<\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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          cp \/etc\/bind\/db.local \/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local\nnano \/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local<\/code><\/pre>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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          • Substituim el contingut amb aix\u00f2 (adapta si cal):<\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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            ;\n; BIND data file for illa4.local\n;\n$TTL    604800\n@       IN      SOA     ns1.illa4.local. root.illa4.local. (\n                              1         ; Serial (incrementa cada canvi)\n                         604800         ; Refresh\n                          86400         ; Retry\n                        2419200         ; Expire\n                         604800 )       ; Negative Cache TTL\n;\n@       IN      NS      ns1.illa4.local.\nns1     IN      A       10.4.0.10<\/code><\/pre>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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            1.5 Fitxer de zona inversa: \/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0<\/strong><\/h3>
            Copia una plantilla:<\/p>
            • Edita \/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0:<\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              cp \/etc\/bind\/db.127 \/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0\nnano \/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0<\/code><\/pre>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              • Substituim el contingut amb aix\u00f2 (adapta si cal):<\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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                ;\n; BIND reverse data file for 10.4.0.0\/25\n;\n$TTL    604800\n@       IN      SOA     ns1.illa4.local. root.illa4.local. (\n                              1         ; Serial\n                         604800         ; Refresh\n                          86400         ; Retry\n                        2419200         ; Expire\n                         604800 )       ; Negative Cache TTL\n;\n@       IN      NS      ns1.illa4.local.\n10      IN      PTR     ns1.illa4.local.<\/code><\/pre>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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                Explicaci\u00f3:<\/strong><\/p>
                  • PTR:<\/strong> Per l’IP 10.4.0.10, apunta a ns1.illa4.local. El “10” \u00e9s la part final de l’IP (ja que la zona \u00e9s 0.4.10.in-addr.arpa).<\/li>
                  • Si afegeixes m\u00e9s IPs, afegeix m\u00e9s PTR, ex: 20 IN PTR www.illa4.local..<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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                    1.6 Verificaci\u00f3 i Inici<\/strong><\/h3>
                    Verifica la sintaxi de les configuracions:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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                    named-checkconf \/etc\/bind\/named.conf.local\nnamed-checkzone illa4.local \/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local\nnamed-checkzone 0.4.10.in-addr.arpa \/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0<\/code><\/pre>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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                    Reinicia BIND9:<\/p>
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                    systemctl restart bind9\nsystemctl status bind9  # Verifica que estigui actiu sense errors<\/code><\/pre>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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                    Resum final de comprovacions<\/strong><\/h4>
                    Si totes aquestes comandes mostren el que s\u2019espera (com al meu exemple), el teu DNS Master est\u00e0 100 % operatiu i correctament configurat.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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                    # 1. Comprovar que no hi ha errors de sintaxi\nnamed-checkconf                  && echo "\u2705 Configuració global OK"\nnamed-checkzone illa4.local \/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local      && echo "\u2705 Zona directa OK"\nnamed-checkzone 0.4.10.in-addr.arpa \/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0   && echo "\u2705 Zona inversa OK"\n\n# 2. Comprovar que BIND està corrent sense errors\nsystemctl status bind9 | grep "Active: active (running)" && echo "\u2705 Servei BIND actiu"\n\n# 3. Consulta directa (forward) → ha de tornar l’IP\ndig ns1.illa4.local @10.4.0.10 +short\n# → Ha de mostrar: 10.4.0.10\n\n# 4. Consulta inversa (reverse) → ha de tornar el nom\ndig -x 10.4.0.10 @10.4.0.10 +short\n# → Ha de mostrar: ns1.illa4.local.\n\n# 5. Comprovar flags correctes (autoritzat i amb resposta)\ndig ns1.illa4.local @10.4.0.10 | grep -A2 "ANSWER SECTION"\n# → Ha de mostrar alguna cosa com:\n# ns1.illa4.local.    604800  IN  A   10.4.0.10\n# i a dalt: flags: qr aa rd ra\n\n# 6. (Opcional però recomanable) Forçar que la màquina es resolgui a si mateixa\necho "nameserver 10.4.0.10" > \/etc\/resolv.conf\nnslookup ns1.illa4.local     # ← ha de resoldre’s correctament<\/code><\/pre>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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                    \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
                    Configuraci\u00f3 del DNS Master a debian Tornar al repte 2.2 Pas 1: Instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 de BIND9 i les utilitats Actualitza la llista de paquets i instal\u00b7la BIND9 # Actualitza la llista de paquets sudo apt update # Instal·la el paquet BIND9 i les utilitats sudo apt install bind9 bind9utils -y El servei BIND9 s’iniciar\u00e0 autom\u00e0ticament despr\u00e9s de la instal\u00b7laci\u00f3, per\u00f2 encara no far\u00e0 res \u00fatil amb el teu domini. Pas 2: Configuraci\u00f3 de la Zona al Fitxer Local Has d’indicar a BIND9 que \u00e9s el Master (Mestre) per al teu domini. Aix\u00f2 es fa al fitxer de configuraci\u00f3 local. Edita el fitxer \/etc\/bind\/named.conf.local: sudo nano \/etc\/bind\/named.conf.local Afegim el seg\u00fcent al final del fitxer: \/\/ Zona directa per illa4.local zone "illa4.local" { type master; file "\/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local"; }; \/\/ Zona inversa per la xarxa 10.4.0.0\/25 (reverse lookup per 10.4.0.x) zone "0.4.10.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "\/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0"; }; La zona directa gestiona noms a IPs (A records). La zona inversa gestiona IPs a noms (PTR records). Per la xarxa 10.4.0.0\/25, utilitzem “0.4.10.in-addr.arpa” (que cobreix el \/24 sencer, per\u00f2 nom\u00e9s afegirem entrades per la teva subxarxa). Si nom\u00e9s vols \/25, aix\u00f2 funciona igualment. 1.4 Creaci\u00f3 dels Fitxers de Zona Fitxer de zona directa: \/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local Copia una plantilla: Edita \/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local: cp \/etc\/bind\/db.local \/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local nano \/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local Substituim el contingut amb aix\u00f2 (adapta si cal): ; ; BIND data file for illa4.local ; $TTL 604800 @ IN SOA ns1.illa4.local. root.illa4.local. ( 1 ; Serial (incrementa cada canvi) 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL ; @ IN NS ns1.illa4.local. ns1 IN A 10.4.0.10 1.5 Fitxer de zona inversa: \/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0 Copia una plantilla: Edita \/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0: cp \/etc\/bind\/db.127 \/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0 nano \/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0 Substituim el contingut amb aix\u00f2 (adapta si cal): ; ; BIND reverse data file for 10.4.0.0\/25 ; $TTL 604800 @ IN SOA ns1.illa4.local. root.illa4.local. ( 1 ; Serial 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL ; @ IN NS ns1.illa4.local. 10 IN PTR ns1.illa4.local. Explicaci\u00f3: PTR: Per l’IP 10.4.0.10, apunta a ns1.illa4.local. El “10” \u00e9s la part final de l’IP (ja que la zona \u00e9s 0.4.10.in-addr.arpa). Si afegeixes m\u00e9s IPs, afegeix m\u00e9s PTR, ex: 20 IN PTR www.illa4.local.. 1.6 Verificaci\u00f3 i Inici Verifica la sintaxi de les configuracions: named-checkconf \/etc\/bind\/named.conf.local named-checkzone illa4.local \/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local named-checkzone 0.4.10.in-addr.arpa \/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0 Reinicia BIND9: \u00a0 systemctl restart bind9 systemctl status bind9 # Verifica que estigui actiu sense errors Resum final de comprovacions Si totes aquestes comandes mostren el que s\u2019espera (com al meu exemple), el teu DNS Master est\u00e0 100 % operatiu i correctament configurat. # 1. Comprovar que no hi ha errors de sintaxi named-checkconf && echo "\u2705 Configuració global OK" named-checkzone illa4.local \/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local && echo "\u2705 Zona directa OK" named-checkzone 0.4.10.in-addr.arpa \/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0 && echo "\u2705 Zona inversa OK" # 2. Comprovar que BIND està corrent sense errors systemctl status bind9 | grep "Active: active (running)" && echo "\u2705 Servei BIND actiu" # 3. Consulta directa (forward) → ha de tornar l’IP dig ns1.illa4.local @10.4.0.10 +short # → Ha de mostrar: 10.4.0.10 # 4. Consulta inversa (reverse) → ha de tornar el nom dig -x 10.4.0.10 @10.4.0.10 +short # → Ha de mostrar: ns1.illa4.local. # 5. Comprovar flags correctes (autoritzat i amb resposta) dig ns1.illa4.local @10.4.0.10 | grep -A2 "ANSWER SECTION" # → Ha de mostrar alguna cosa com: # ns1.illa4.local. 604800 IN A 10.4.0.10 # i a dalt: flags: qr aa rd ra # 6. (Opcional però recomanable) Forçar que la màquina es resolgui a si mateixa echo "nameserver 10.4.0.10" > \/etc\/resolv.conf nslookup ns1.illa4.local # ← ha de resoldre’s correctament<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8983","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nConfiguraci\u00f3 del DNS Master a Debian - Ana Borrego Toledo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Configuraci\u00f3 del DNS Master a Debian - Ana Borrego Toledo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Configuraci\u00f3 del DNS Master a debian Tornar al repte 2.2 Pas 1: Instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 de BIND9 i les utilitats Actualitza la llista de paquets i instal\u00b7la BIND9 # Actualitza la llista de paquets sudo apt update # Instal·la el paquet BIND9 i les utilitats sudo apt install bind9 bind9utils -y El servei BIND9 s’iniciar\u00e0 autom\u00e0ticament despr\u00e9s de la instal\u00b7laci\u00f3, per\u00f2 encara no far\u00e0 res \u00fatil amb el teu domini. Pas 2: Configuraci\u00f3 de la Zona al Fitxer Local Has d’indicar a BIND9 que \u00e9s el Master (Mestre) per al teu domini. Aix\u00f2 es fa al fitxer de configuraci\u00f3 local. Edita el fitxer \/etc\/bind\/named.conf.local: sudo nano \/etc\/bind\/named.conf.local Afegim el seg\u00fcent al final del fitxer: \/\/ Zona directa per illa4.local zone "illa4.local" { type master; file "\/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local"; }; \/\/ Zona inversa per la xarxa 10.4.0.0\/25 (reverse lookup per 10.4.0.x) zone "0.4.10.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "\/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0"; }; La zona directa gestiona noms a IPs (A records). La zona inversa gestiona IPs a noms (PTR records). Per la xarxa 10.4.0.0\/25, utilitzem “0.4.10.in-addr.arpa” (que cobreix el \/24 sencer, per\u00f2 nom\u00e9s afegirem entrades per la teva subxarxa). Si nom\u00e9s vols \/25, aix\u00f2 funciona igualment. 1.4 Creaci\u00f3 dels Fitxers de Zona Fitxer de zona directa: \/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local Copia una plantilla: Edita \/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local: cp \/etc\/bind\/db.local \/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local nano \/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local Substituim el contingut amb aix\u00f2 (adapta si cal): ; ; BIND data file for illa4.local ; $TTL 604800 @ IN SOA ns1.illa4.local. root.illa4.local. ( 1 ; Serial (incrementa cada canvi) 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL ; @ IN NS ns1.illa4.local. ns1 IN A 10.4.0.10 1.5 Fitxer de zona inversa: \/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0 Copia una plantilla: Edita \/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0: cp \/etc\/bind\/db.127 \/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0 nano \/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0 Substituim el contingut amb aix\u00f2 (adapta si cal): ; ; BIND reverse data file for 10.4.0.0\/25 ; $TTL 604800 @ IN SOA ns1.illa4.local. root.illa4.local. ( 1 ; Serial 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL ; @ IN NS ns1.illa4.local. 10 IN PTR ns1.illa4.local. Explicaci\u00f3: PTR: Per l’IP 10.4.0.10, apunta a ns1.illa4.local. El “10” \u00e9s la part final de l’IP (ja que la zona \u00e9s 0.4.10.in-addr.arpa). Si afegeixes m\u00e9s IPs, afegeix m\u00e9s PTR, ex: 20 IN PTR www.illa4.local.. 1.6 Verificaci\u00f3 i Inici Verifica la sintaxi de les configuracions: named-checkconf \/etc\/bind\/named.conf.local named-checkzone illa4.local \/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local named-checkzone 0.4.10.in-addr.arpa \/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0 Reinicia BIND9: \u00a0 systemctl restart bind9 systemctl status bind9 # Verifica que estigui actiu sense errors Resum final de comprovacions Si totes aquestes comandes mostren el que s\u2019espera (com al meu exemple), el teu DNS Master est\u00e0 100 % operatiu i correctament configurat. # 1. Comprovar que no hi ha errors de sintaxi named-checkconf && echo "\u2705 Configuració global OK" named-checkzone illa4.local \/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local && echo "\u2705 Zona directa OK" named-checkzone 0.4.10.in-addr.arpa \/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0 && echo "\u2705 Zona inversa OK" # 2. Comprovar que BIND està corrent sense errors systemctl status bind9 | grep "Active: active (running)" && echo "\u2705 Servei BIND actiu" # 3. Consulta directa (forward) → ha de tornar l’IP dig ns1.illa4.local @10.4.0.10 +short # → Ha de mostrar: 10.4.0.10 # 4. Consulta inversa (reverse) → ha de tornar el nom dig -x 10.4.0.10 @10.4.0.10 +short # → Ha de mostrar: ns1.illa4.local. # 5. Comprovar flags correctes (autoritzat i amb resposta) dig ns1.illa4.local @10.4.0.10 | grep -A2 "ANSWER SECTION" # → Ha de mostrar alguna cosa com: # ns1.illa4.local. 604800 IN A 10.4.0.10 # i a dalt: flags: qr aa rd ra # 6. (Opcional però recomanable) Forçar que la màquina es resolgui a si mateixa echo "nameserver 10.4.0.10" > \/etc\/resolv.conf nslookup ns1.illa4.local # ← ha de resoldre’s correctament\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/aborrego.inscastellbisbal.net\/en\/2025\/12\/09\/configuracio-del-dns-master-a-debian\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ana Borrego Toledo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-12-09T11:13:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-12-10T10:28:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/aborrego.inscastellbisbal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Selection_027.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"726\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"483\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"aborrego\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"aborrego\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aborrego.inscastellbisbal.net\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/09\\\/configuracio-del-dns-master-a-debian\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aborrego.inscastellbisbal.net\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/09\\\/configuracio-del-dns-master-a-debian\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"aborrego\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aborrego.inscastellbisbal.net\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/596b5d3dc4735c43cfaafed47741b9d1\"},\"headline\":\"Configuraci\u00f3 del DNS Master a Debian\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-12-09T11:13:37+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-10T10:28:12+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aborrego.inscastellbisbal.net\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/09\\\/configuracio-del-dns-master-a-debian\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":270,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aborrego.inscastellbisbal.net\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aborrego.inscastellbisbal.net\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/09\\\/configuracio-del-dns-master-a-debian\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aborrego.inscastellbisbal.net\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/Selection_027.png\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aborrego.inscastellbisbal.net\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/09\\\/configuracio-del-dns-master-a-debian\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aborrego.inscastellbisbal.net\\\/2025\\\/12\\\/09\\\/configuracio-del-dns-master-a-debian\\\/\",\"name\":\"Configuraci\u00f3 del DNS Master a Debian - 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Ana Borrego Toledo","robots":{"index":"noindex","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Configuraci\u00f3 del DNS Master a Debian - Ana Borrego Toledo","og_description":"Configuraci\u00f3 del DNS Master a debian Tornar al repte 2.2 Pas 1: Instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 de BIND9 i les utilitats Actualitza la llista de paquets i instal\u00b7la BIND9 # Actualitza la llista de paquets sudo apt update # Instal·la el paquet BIND9 i les utilitats sudo apt install bind9 bind9utils -y El servei BIND9 s’iniciar\u00e0 autom\u00e0ticament despr\u00e9s de la instal\u00b7laci\u00f3, per\u00f2 encara no far\u00e0 res \u00fatil amb el teu domini. Pas 2: Configuraci\u00f3 de la Zona al Fitxer Local Has d’indicar a BIND9 que \u00e9s el Master (Mestre) per al teu domini. Aix\u00f2 es fa al fitxer de configuraci\u00f3 local. Edita el fitxer \/etc\/bind\/named.conf.local: sudo nano \/etc\/bind\/named.conf.local Afegim el seg\u00fcent al final del fitxer: \/\/ Zona directa per illa4.local zone "illa4.local" { type master; file "\/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local"; }; \/\/ Zona inversa per la xarxa 10.4.0.0\/25 (reverse lookup per 10.4.0.x) zone "0.4.10.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "\/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0"; }; La zona directa gestiona noms a IPs (A records). La zona inversa gestiona IPs a noms (PTR records). Per la xarxa 10.4.0.0\/25, utilitzem “0.4.10.in-addr.arpa” (que cobreix el \/24 sencer, per\u00f2 nom\u00e9s afegirem entrades per la teva subxarxa). Si nom\u00e9s vols \/25, aix\u00f2 funciona igualment. 1.4 Creaci\u00f3 dels Fitxers de Zona Fitxer de zona directa: \/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local Copia una plantilla: Edita \/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local: cp \/etc\/bind\/db.local \/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local nano \/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local Substituim el contingut amb aix\u00f2 (adapta si cal): ; ; BIND data file for illa4.local ; $TTL 604800 @ IN SOA ns1.illa4.local. root.illa4.local. ( 1 ; Serial (incrementa cada canvi) 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL ; @ IN NS ns1.illa4.local. ns1 IN A 10.4.0.10 1.5 Fitxer de zona inversa: \/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0 Copia una plantilla: Edita \/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0: cp \/etc\/bind\/db.127 \/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0 nano \/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0 Substituim el contingut amb aix\u00f2 (adapta si cal): ; ; BIND reverse data file for 10.4.0.0\/25 ; $TTL 604800 @ IN SOA ns1.illa4.local. root.illa4.local. ( 1 ; Serial 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL ; @ IN NS ns1.illa4.local. 10 IN PTR ns1.illa4.local. Explicaci\u00f3: PTR: Per l’IP 10.4.0.10, apunta a ns1.illa4.local. El “10” \u00e9s la part final de l’IP (ja que la zona \u00e9s 0.4.10.in-addr.arpa). Si afegeixes m\u00e9s IPs, afegeix m\u00e9s PTR, ex: 20 IN PTR www.illa4.local.. 1.6 Verificaci\u00f3 i Inici Verifica la sintaxi de les configuracions: named-checkconf \/etc\/bind\/named.conf.local named-checkzone illa4.local \/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local named-checkzone 0.4.10.in-addr.arpa \/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0 Reinicia BIND9: \u00a0 systemctl restart bind9 systemctl status bind9 # Verifica que estigui actiu sense errors Resum final de comprovacions Si totes aquestes comandes mostren el que s\u2019espera (com al meu exemple), el teu DNS Master est\u00e0 100 % operatiu i correctament configurat. # 1. Comprovar que no hi ha errors de sintaxi named-checkconf && echo "\u2705 Configuració global OK" named-checkzone illa4.local \/etc\/bind\/db.illa4.local && echo "\u2705 Zona directa OK" named-checkzone 0.4.10.in-addr.arpa \/etc\/bind\/db.10.4.0 && echo "\u2705 Zona inversa OK" # 2. Comprovar que BIND està corrent sense errors systemctl status bind9 | grep "Active: active (running)" && echo "\u2705 Servei BIND actiu" # 3. Consulta directa (forward) → ha de tornar l’IP dig ns1.illa4.local @10.4.0.10 +short # → Ha de mostrar: 10.4.0.10 # 4. Consulta inversa (reverse) → ha de tornar el nom dig -x 10.4.0.10 @10.4.0.10 +short # → Ha de mostrar: ns1.illa4.local. # 5. Comprovar flags correctes (autoritzat i amb resposta) dig ns1.illa4.local @10.4.0.10 | grep -A2 "ANSWER SECTION" # → Ha de mostrar alguna cosa com: # ns1.illa4.local. 604800 IN A 10.4.0.10 # i a dalt: flags: qr aa rd ra # 6. (Opcional però recomanable) Forçar que la màquina es resolgui a si mateixa echo "nameserver 10.4.0.10" > \/etc\/resolv.conf nslookup ns1.illa4.local # ← ha de resoldre’s correctament","og_url":"https:\/\/aborrego.inscastellbisbal.net\/en\/2025\/12\/09\/configuracio-del-dns-master-a-debian\/","og_site_name":"Ana Borrego Toledo","article_published_time":"2025-12-09T11:13:37+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-12-10T10:28:12+00:00","og_image":[{"width":726,"height":483,"url":"https:\/\/aborrego.inscastellbisbal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Selection_027.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"aborrego","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"aborrego"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/aborrego.inscastellbisbal.net\/2025\/12\/09\/configuracio-del-dns-master-a-debian\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/aborrego.inscastellbisbal.net\/2025\/12\/09\/configuracio-del-dns-master-a-debian\/"},"author":{"name":"aborrego","@id":"https:\/\/aborrego.inscastellbisbal.net\/#\/schema\/person\/596b5d3dc4735c43cfaafed47741b9d1"},"headline":"Configuraci\u00f3 del DNS Master a Debian","datePublished":"2025-12-09T11:13:37+00:00","dateModified":"2025-12-10T10:28:12+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/aborrego.inscastellbisbal.net\/2025\/12\/09\/configuracio-del-dns-master-a-debian\/"},"wordCount":270,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/aborrego.inscastellbisbal.net\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/aborrego.inscastellbisbal.net\/2025\/12\/09\/configuracio-del-dns-master-a-debian\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/aborrego.inscastellbisbal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Selection_027.png","inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/aborrego.inscastellbisbal.net\/2025\/12\/09\/configuracio-del-dns-master-a-debian\/","url":"https:\/\/aborrego.inscastellbisbal.net\/2025\/12\/09\/configuracio-del-dns-master-a-debian\/","name":"Configuraci\u00f3 del DNS Master a Debian - 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